Telescope: ES Comet Hunter MN6 at f/4.8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: Baader modified Nikon 610; Gain: 200

Filter: High Point 2” IR Blocking Filter

Guide scope: Williams Optics 50mm, ASI290MM mini, PHD

Exposure: 20x60sec, saved as RAW

Darks: Internal (Long Exposure Noise Reduction On)

Flats: 32×1/4sec, tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.2 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Backyard Nikon, Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

M44 is one of the nearest open clusters with a distance of only 577 light years. It is interesting that its age and proper motion is very similar to the Hyades suggesting that the two clusters share a common origin though they are now separated by hundreds of light years. M44, the Beehive, is a little over a degree across making it appear relatively sparse in large telescopes, but it makes a fine target for small telescopes and binoculars. Its large size makes it a bit of a challenge photographically as well, but the Comet Hunter and D610 did a fine job capturing the entire field.

This it the first-light image taken with my new to me modified Nikon 610. I was a bit concerned whether I could fill the large full-frame sensor, but the Comet Track shows only a tiny bit of vignetting in the corners and the star shapes are also fairly good.

High in the southwest this time of year, M44 makes a fine target for binoculars and small telescopes and it is even visible with the unaided eye under dark skies.

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 30x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.5 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

M102 is a beautiful edge-on spiral galaxy that is nestled in between Draco, Bootes, and Ursa Major. It is almost exactly edge-on to our line of sight and shows an extremely thin profile with only a slight central bulge and a slender dust lane. M102 is one of two galaxies named the Spindle, the other being NGC 3115 in Sextans.

M102 lies off of the northeastern end of the handle of the Big Dipper. This region rises in the northeast during the early evening and it high overhead after midnight.

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 43x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency, haze

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.4 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

NGC 4565, the Needle Galaxy, is a relatively bright edge-on spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices. Glowing at a visual magnitude 9.6 it makes a fine target for modest size telescopes. It is thought that our own Milky Way galaxy would appear similar to the Needle Galaxy when viewed edge-on. It’s neat to see how these big beautiful spirals that appear so expansive when viewed face-on are actually relatively thin when viewed edge-on. NGC 4565 also shows a prominent dust lane common to most spiral galaxies.

NGC 4565 lies near the northern fringe of the Melotte 111 star cluster, itself a beautifully rich region in binoculars and small telescopes. This region rises in the northeast during the early evening and it high overhead after midnight.

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 27x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency, haze

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.3 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

NGC 2841 is a delicate, tightly wound spiral galaxy in western Ursa Major. Like many galaxies, only the core is readily visible from suburban skies, but even that can be quite beautiful. As I relax at the eyepiece and study the field the core takes on a soft glow resembling pearl; the combined radiance of millions of suns.

NGC is currently well placed high in the northeast during the early evening high overhead before midnight.

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 67x120sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x120s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency, haze and clouds

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.4 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

This is M13, the Great Cluster in Hercules. Also in the picture is the galaxy NGC 6207 (Mv 11.6) in the upper left corner, and about halfway between NGC 6207 and M13 is the tiny galaxy IC 4617 (Mv 15.2) . If you look carefully at M13 you can see a dust lane to the lower left of the cluster. This is a very unusual feature for globular clusters and it is not clear if this is actually associated with M13 or simply lies in the line of sight with the cluster.

M13 currently rises in the northeast late in the evening and is high overhead at dawn.

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 24x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency, haze and clouds

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.1 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

NGC 3115 is an edge-on spiral galaxy in Sextans. It’s a type S0 lenticular galaxy; a flat disk with a central bulge, but with almost no visible spiral structure such as the usual prominent spiral arms. Another feature that is notably absent is a significant dust lane. NGC 3115 has apparently consumed nearly all of its interstellar matter and star birth has come to a stop and the galaxy is composed primarily of old stars. These unique features gives the galaxy its characteristic shape and nickname; the Spindle Galaxy. NGC 3115 is one of two galaxies known as the Spindle, the other being NGC 5866 in Draco.

NGC 3115 is a relatively small, but fairly easy visible target and is currently well low in the southeast during the early evening.

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 17x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency, haze and clouds

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.4 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

NGC 2683 is a moderately bright, nearly edge-on spiral galaxy in Lynx. The relatively bright inner core is a fairly easy visual target for modest size telescopes while the faint outer expanse becomes visible in long exposure images. This is the first in a series of images that I hope to take of galaxies that are a bit off of the beaten path in the coming months using either this 12” LX850 or my trusty SN10. It will be fun seeing which performs better; the high resolution of the LX850 or the fast optics of the SN10.

NGC 2683 is currently well placed high in the northeast during the early evening.

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 15x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency, haze and clouds

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.4 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

M51 is a beautiful face-on spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici, just south of Alkaid, the bright star that lies at the eastern end of the Big Dipper’s handle. The spiral arm that appears to connect M51 to the nearby companion (NGC 5195) is a bit of an illusion. The companion actually lies behind M51, and if you look closely you can see that the spiral arm is silhouetted against the background galaxy. Modern observations with radio telescope and computer modeling suggest that the companion has made at least two passes through the main disk of M51. During the first, it approached M51 from behind, passed through M51, swung around in an orbit that took it in front of M51, then back through the disk where it lies now behind M51. These passes set off bursts of star formation that gives the arms of M51 their beautiful blue color.

Under dark skies the spiral structure of M51 shows quite well, but from my light polluted backyard all I can see are the cores of the two galaxies. On this particular evening a band of clouds passed overhead about an hour after I started this sequence and I lost nearly all of the source images. Still, the result is very pretty. M51 is currently well placed rising in the northeast during the early evening.

Telescope: Meade SN6 Comet Tracker at f/3.6, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: Full Spectrum Modified Nikon D5300, Baader Mk III MPCC

Filter: 2” Radian Triad Ultra Hb, OIII, Ha, SII filter

Guide scope: Orion 50mm, ZWO ASI120MM mini

Exposure: 18x120sec, ISO 200, saved as RAW

Darks: Internal (Long Exposure Noise Reduction On)

Flats: 32x60sec, LED tracing tablet covered with 3 layers of muslin

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency, moonlight, haze

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 17.0 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Backyard Nikon, Deep Sky Stacker, Nebulosity, Photoshop

NGC 2359 (Thor’s Helmet) is similar to the Bubble Nebula in Cassiopeia (NGC 7635) in that it is a bubble blown out in the interstellar medium from the fierce solar wind of a Wolf-Rayet star, an extremely massive pre-supernova giant. These stars are very rare, extremely hot (45,000 – 90,000F), and expel their outer layers at very high speeds. The spherical shell is the shock-front formed as the expanding gas pushes against the surrounding emission nebula.

NGC 2359 is currently well placed rising in the southeast during the early evening.