May 14, 2025

Jupiter & Saturn Conjunction – 12/22/2020

Jupiter & Saturn Conjunction – 12/22/2020, 17h43m EST

Telescope: Orion AstroView 90 EQ @ f/10

Camera: Canon 450D (Rebel XSi, stock)

Filter: None

Planets: 16×1/100sec, ISO 400 saved as RAW

Moons: 16×1/25sec, ISO 400 saved as RAW

Darks: Internal (Long Exposure Noise Reduction On)

Software: Registax, Nebulosity, Photoshop

This image was taken on the evening of December 22nd, about 24 hours after the closest approach of Jupiter and Saturn while they were about 1/5th of a degree apart. The source images were taken by first setting the focus on Vega using a Bahtinov mask. Next, the images of the conjunction were taken using a remote switch and the camera’s mirror lock-up function, pausing about 5 seconds to allow vibrations to settle. Two sets of 8 images each were taken with the field being reset between each set. The source images with then converted to TIFFs, roughly aligned and cropped in Photoshop, and then aligned and sharpened in Registax. Photoshop was used to combine the images of the planets with the images of the moons. The final composite image was cropped, scaled, and color balanced in Nebulosity. It was worth the effort getting a picture, but nothing beats how beautiful the real thing was! Before the pair sank below my local trees I was sure to pull the camera off of the scope and to spend a few minutes just enjoying the view. Wonderful!

Jupiter & Saturn Conjunction – Closest Approach!

Jupiter & Saturn Conjunction – 12/21/2020, 18h03m EST

Camera: Canon 450D (Rebel XSi)

Lens: Canon EF 75-300 @ 135mm f/5.6

Filter: Sunpak UV/IR

Exposure: 1x2sec, ISO 400 saved as RAW

Darks: Internal (Long Exposure Noise Reduction On)

Software: Nebulosity, Photoshop

Wellll, we got lucky! The clouds parted just long enough to sneak a peek at the Grand Conjunction! I grabbed my camera and ran over to a local park and managed to grab a couple of quick frames before the clouds rolled in. I just used my Canon 450D on a tripod and a 2-second delay to allow vibrations to settle before the shutter tripped. If you look closely you can see a couple of Jupiter’s moons.  Their separation at this time was 0.1 degrees! Closest approach! Over the next couple of nights the view will be very similar as Jupiter slowly slips off to the upper left. Wonderful!

Jupiter & Saturn Conjunction

Jupiter & Saturn Conjunction – 12/20/2020, 18h23m EST

Jupiter & Saturn Conjunction – 12/20/2020, 18h23m EST

Camera: Canon 450D (Rebel XSi)

Lens: Canon EF 75-300 @ 150mm f/5.6

Filter: Sunpak UV/IR

Exposure: 1x2sec, ISO 400 saved as RAW

Darks: Internal (Long Exposure Noise Reduction On)

Software: Nebulosity, Photoshop

This is just a quick single frame of the Grand Conjunction taken about 24 hours before closest approach. Their separation at this time was 0.13 degrees (1/8th degree). I just used my Canon 450D on a tripod and a 2-second delay to allow vibrations to settle before the shutter tripped. If you look closely you can see a couple of Jupiter’s moons.  Over the next couple of nights the view will be very similar as Jupiter slowly slips off to the upper left.

The Grand Conjunction

The Sky as viewed from the Miami Valley 30 minutes after sunset on 12/20/2020

The weather forecast for the Grand conjunction looks decidedly mixed with partly cloudy skies this evening (12/20), cloudy on the 21st (Monday, the Big Day), and clear on the 22nd (Tuesday), before turning cloudy again. Although it looks like it will be cloudy for the Main Event tomorrow night, keep in mind that the Grand Conjunction is a slow motion event that has been building for months and that only the closest approach between Jupiter and Saturn (1/10 of a degree) occurs tomorrow evening. This pairing should still be amazing to see this evening and Tuesday evening when they will be separated by less than 1/5th of a degree. Also, this event does not require a dark sky, only a reasonably clear view towards the southwest after sunset. You also do not need any special equipment, though a pair of binoculars or a small telescope might be nice.

Speaking of December 21st

In addition to the Grand Conjunction, the Moon will be at first-quarter, making a fine target for small telescopes, and at 6:02am the sun reaches its southernmost point in the sky, marking the Winter Solstice in the northern hemisphere and the start of its long journey northward.

Stay warm, and enjoy the view!

 

M81 – Spiral Galaxy in Ursa Major

M81 – Spiral Galaxy in Ursa Major

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 21x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32x1sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dawn

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.4 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

I was a bit surprised at how well this turned out. The sky conditions were very poor with a fair amount of haze and very poor seeing. The result was a soft image with very low contrast. Processing recovered more detail than I thought it would and down-sampling the image helped to sharpen it a bit. Not a bad result, though I’m looking forward to trying this again under better conditions. So much to try, so few clear nights…

M81 is a beautiful spiral galaxy that is interacting with the nearby M82. The sky conditions for imaging this delicate galaxy were far from optimal, but it is still neat to see the beautiful sweeping arms tinged with blue star forming regions resulting from a close encounter with M82.

Eris – Trans-Neptunian Object

Eris – Trans-Neptunian Object – 11/8 & 9/2020 22h30m EST – Animated GIF
Still Frame showing the location of Eris

Telescope: Astro-Tech 8” f/8 Ritchey-Chretien, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200, Baader Mk III MPCC

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, Meade DSI Pro II, PHD

Exposure: 7x240s (11/8) & 11x240s (11/9), saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32×0.2s, sky flats taken at dusk

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, fair transparency

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.5 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

I have wanted to try this for a long time and I have been waiting for a pair of nights with perfect transparency to give it a try. However, my window of opportunity is closing for this year so I decided to go ahead and give it a try, and much to my surprise… success! This is a composite of two images taken 24 sours apart at about 10:30pm EST on the evenings of Novermber 8th and 9th in Cetus. The tiny smudges near the center of this field are the dwarf planet Eris, one of the most distant objects in the solar system. Eris is currently 8.8 billion miles from the Sun, almost 3 times farther than Pluto. It takes sunlight over 13 hours to reach Eris, and another 13 hours for the feeble reflected sunlight to make the trip back to Earth. Eris is about the same size as Pluto and with a more reflective surface it is so cold out there that the surface is likely coated with frozen methane, but unlike Pluto the sunlight is so faint that it is unlikely that the surface has been darkened by the formation of tholins. Shining at an incredibly faint Mv 18.8 this is the faintest object that I have been able to photograph and identify from my backyard

NGC 2371/2 – Planetary Nebula in Gemini

NGC 2371/2 – Planetary Nebula in Gemini

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 22x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32x1sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dawn

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, fair transparency

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.6 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

NGC 2371/2 is a fascinating little planetary nebula in northern Gemini placed midway between Castor and Pollux. When this nebula was discovered it was thought that it was actually two separate objects, hence the two New General Catalog (NGC) numbers. The core nebula shows two clearly resolved lobes with two faint outer arcs. The seeing was pretty rough when this image set was taken so I down-sampled it a bit to keep it from looking too soft. I’ll be taking another look at this nebula on an evening with better seeing.

M76 – Planetary Nebula in Perseus

M76 – Planetary Nebula in Perseus

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 31x240sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x240s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32x1sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dawn

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, poor transparency

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.3 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

M76 is a modest size planetary nebula in Perseus. This type of nebula forms near the end of a star’s life when the core collapses, setting off an explosion that blows off the star’s outer shell forming a bubble that can take the form of a great variety of shapes. In this example the central bar is thought to be a ring seen nearly edge-on and this relatively bright bar is the only part that is readily visible in a modest size telescope. Visually, the central bar shows two lobes that appear similar to M27, the Dumbbell Nebula in Vulpecula, and M76 is often referred to as the Little Dumbbell.

Safely Moving Heavy Gear

Moving an Atlas with the help of a two-wheel cart.
Setting heavy gear next to the mount.

A two-wheel cart is a handy accessory to help move heavy gear safely and comfortably. The large pneumatic tires roll well over any surface, including grass. A rope or strap holds the gear firmly in place when moving across uneven ground or over stoops.

NGC 2392 – The Eskimo Nebula in Gemini

NGC 2392 – The Eskimo Nebula in Gemini

Telescope: Meade 12” LX850 ACF @ f/8, Orion Atlas EQ-G

Camera: ZWO ASI071 MC Pro, -10C, Gain 200

Filter: Orion Imaging Skyglow Filter

Guide scope: Astro-Tech 60mm, ASI290MM Mini, PHD2

Exposure: 74x60sec, saved as FITS

Darks: 32x60s, saved as FITS

Flats: 32x1sec, Tee shirt flats taken at dawn

Average Light Pollution: Red zone, Bortle 8, fair transparency

Lensed Sky Quality Meter: 18.6 mag/arc-sec^2

Stacking: Mean with a 2-sigma clip.

White Balance: Nebulosity Automatic

Software: Nebulosity, Deep Sky Stacker, Photoshop

NGC 2392, Eskimo Nebula, is a wonderful little planetary nebula Gemini. Visually this nebula looks much like its nickname, even in a small telescope. Planetary nebulas are formed when a star sheds its outer shell as it nears the end of its life. The core collapses into a fiercely bright white dwarf whose intense radiation sets the gas aglow, often with a beautiful blue/green color. The structure of this nebula shows that it experienced several shedding events.